Citation Guidelines

Saint Mark's Citation Guidelines

For Research Papers in Sixth Grade

Citations add authority to your work by to enabling the reader to verify the accuracy and truthfulness of material that is quoted, summarized, or paraphrased.

By using citations you give full credit to the sources of your information and avoid plagiarism

Saint Mark’s Guidelines are based on those of the Modern Language Association (MLA )

PRINT CITATIONS

BOOK BY ONE AUTHOR

Author’s Last name, First name. Title. City: Publisher, Date.

Herlihy, David. The Black Death. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,

1997.

Morley, Jacqueline. A Renaissance Town. NY: Bedrick Books, 1996.

BOOK BY TWO AUTHORS

Reverse the first and last names for the first author.

Separate 2 authors’ names with a comma and the word “and”

Smith, Thomas V., and Marjorie Green. From Descartes to Kant.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1940.

Note: If book is created by an editor rather than an author, add the abbreviation ed. after the editor’s name(s) preceded by a comma.

BOOK BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS

For books with three or more authors, use the name of the first author followed by a comma and the abbreviation “et al.”

Brainsworthy, Arthur, et al. World History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

2005.

CORPORATE AUTHOR

A corporate author is any group whose individual members are not identified.

Corporate Author. Title of book. Edition (if given). City: Publisher, Date.

American Medical Association. The American Medical Association

Encyclopedia of Medicine. NY: Random House, 1999.

SELECTION FROM AN ANTHOLOGY: Poem, Speech, Short Story, Essay, etc.

Author of Selection. “Title of Selection.” Title of Anthology. Ed. First

name, Last name. Edition (if any). City: Publisher, Date. page

number(s) for selection.

Luther, Martin. "On Christian Freedom." The Renaissance Reader.

Ed. Kenneth J. Ames. NY: HarperCollins, 1996. 145-147.

REFERENCE BOOKS

ARTICLE IN AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OR OTHER WELL-KNOWN REFERENCE BOOK

Publisher, place of publication, volume, pages, etc. are not cited.

Author of article (if known). “Article Title.” Title of Reference Book.

Edition (if given). Year of publication.

“Harpsicords.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2004.

Kerr, Norman S. "Perspective." The New Encyclopædia Britannica:

Macropædia. 9^th ed. 1995.

ARTICLE IN A LESS WELL-KNOWN REFERENCE BOOK

Author of article (if known). "Title of article." Title of reference work.

Edition (if given). City: Publisher, Year of publication.

"The Ottoman Empire." The Renaissance, an Encyclopedia for Students.

New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2004.

PERIODICALS

· City of publication and publisher of a well-known magazine or newspaper is not cited.

· There is no period after the title of a magazine or newspaper.

· For articles appearing on consecutive pages, give the first and last page numbers, separated by a hyphen.

· If the article is not on consecutive pages (if, for example, it begins on page 12 but skips to page 20) write only the first page number, followed by a plus sign.

MAGAZINE

Author. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine Day Month Year: page(s).

Pinkerton, Michael. "Students Seldom Snore Whilst Doing Renaissance

Projects.” Education Weekly 12 Nov. 2005: 12-22.

NEWSPAPER

Author if known. “Title of Article.” Newspaper Name Day Month Year,

section and page number(s) with no separation.

"Students Race Against Time to Finish Intensive Studies Assignment

in California School." New York Times 21 Mar. 2007: B13-44.

Springer, Hope. " Exhibit of Renaissance Art Opens to Rave Reviews."

San Francisco Chronicle 3 July 2006: E12+.

ELECTRONIC CITATIONS

Note: no period is used after date of access.

WEB SITE

Author(s) First name, Last name. "Specific page or article title."

Name of Website. Date web page was last revised. Sponsoring

Organization (if applicable). Date you viewed the site <URL>.

Dowling, Mike. "The Dawn of a New Age." Mike Dowling.com. 5 Jan.

2005. 15 Jan. 2007 <http://www.mrdowling.com/704renais

sance.html>.

Lewis, Jone J., “Adelaide.” About: Women’s History. 2007 About, Inc.

13 Jan. 2007 < http://womenshistory.about.com/od/

medgermansaints/Medieval_Women_Saints_Germanic.htm >.

DATABASES CITED AS WEB PAGES

Even though our library subscribes to them, databases that publish their own material, such as World Book Online Reference Center and Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition, CulturGrams, etc. should be cited as web pages, not as “library subscription databases”.

None of the above are a "library subscription database" (as defined by MLA)

For these Databases:

· Do not provide your library's name and location in your citation.

· Do give the full URL for the web site.

If you use OSLIS Citation Maker to cite the above databases you can become confused. Use the OSLIS Citation Maker form for Professional Internet Web Sites (not their forms for Online Databases or Online Encyclopedias.)

"Ghiberti, Lorenzo." Compton's by Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia

Britannica Online School Edition. 15 Feb. 20007 <http://school.eb

com/all/comptions/article-9274548>.

"Renaissance Man." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia

Britannica Online School Edition. 15 Feb. 2007 <http://school.

eb.com/eb/article-9063162>.

Hankins, James. "Renaissance." World Book Online Reference Center.

2007. 4 Feb, 2007 <http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/

Article?id =ar464720>.

LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTION DATABASES (as defined by MLA)

Only databases accessed through large aggregate library subscription services are cited as a "library subscription database" (as defined by MLA).

These services resell databases that give access to full-text articles, maps, images, etc. from electronic sources and from sources originally published in other formats such as books, reference books, magazines, newspapers, radio transcripts, maps, images, etc.

Saint Mark’s subscribes to only one large aggregate subscription service, ProQuest Information & Learning. The 3 databases that come to us through this service are eLibrary Curriculum Edition, The History Center, and Proquest Learning Literature These are Library Subscription Databases (as defined by MLA), so, for these:

· You need to provide your School 's Name and City as part of your citation.

· For any library subscription database (as defined by MLA) give only the URL of Home Page of the Library Subscription Service.

For example: <http://www.proquestk12.com/>

If you use your public library card to reach from home the vast online services provided through MariNet you will have access to databases accessed through EBSCO and other large aggregate Subscription Services. Databases accessed through these services are Library Subscription Databases as defined by MLA, so you will

· add to your citation the name and location of the library that provided them.

· give only the URL of Home Page of the Library Subscription Service (ie. the Vendor).

PRINT MATERIAL FOUND THOUGH A LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTIONS DATABASE

These are the elements to include:

· Information about print publication – book, encyclopedia, lesser known reference book, magazine, etc. (cited just as you would cite this information for a print citation.)

· Database. Date. Subscription Service (ie. the Vendor).

· Library (subscriber) and location

· access date

· URL of the Vendor’s Home Page

ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE FROM A LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Encyclopedia.

Date of Publication. Title of the Database. Name of Subscription

Service . Library Name, Name of City. State Abbreviation.

Date of Access. <URL of Vendor’s Homepage>.

“Giotto (1267-1337).” Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. 2000. History

Study Center. ProQuest Information & Learning. Saint Mark’s

School, San Rafael, Ca. 9 Jan. 2007 <http://www.

proquestk13.com>.

PERIODICAL ARTICLE FROM A LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTION DATABASE

Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical.

Date of Publication: page numbers. Title of the Database. Date.

Name of Subscription Service. Library Name, Name of City.

State Abbreviation. Day of Access. < URL>.

Selddon, Curt. “Amazing Leonardo da Vinci Inventions You Can

Build Yourself.” Children's Digest. 09-01-2006. eLibrary

Curriculum Edition. 2007. Proquest information and Learning.

Saint Mark’s School, San Rafael, Ca. 10 Feb. 2007<http://proquestk-

12.com>.

PERSONAL E-MAIL

Address is not given for personal e-mail.

Writer's last name, first name. "Subject line from the posting."

Description of the transmission (i.e. E-mail). Date of the

message.

Reynolds, Milton. "Plans for November." E-mail. 10 Oct. 2006.

OTHER FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

FILM

Title. Director first name, last name. Distributor. Date.

It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. RKO. 1946.

VIDEO AND DVD

Title. Director first name, last name. Format. Distributor. Date.

It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra: Videocassette. Republic

Pictures, 1995.

It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra: DVD. Paramount Home

Video, 2006.

TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM

"Title of episode." (if applicable) Title of program. Name of network.

Call letters and city of local station. Broadcast date.

"Space and Beyond." Nova. PBS. KQED. San Francisco. 3 Mar. 1991.

The Evening News. NBC. KNBR. San Francisco. 5 July 1996.

A LECTURE OR A SPEECH

Speaker's name. "Title of presentation." (if known) Meeting and

sponsoring organization, if applicable. Location. Date.

Beals, Melba. Lecture. Saint Mark's School. San Rafael. 18 Oct. 2006.

Note: If there is no title, use a descriptive label (such as Lecture,

Keynote speech, Reading). Do not underline or enclose in quotation

marks.

AN INTERVIEW YOU CONDUCTED

Name of person interviewed. Type of interview. Date.

Kertsman, Stacey. Telephone interview. 12 Feb. 2007.

Fargo, Michael. Personal interview. 4 Sept. 2006.

A LETTER YOU RECEIVED

Name of sender. Format. Date the letter was written.

Dembo, Linda. Letter to the author. 12 Sept. 2005.

SACRED TEXTS

The titles of sacred scriptures are neither italicized nor underlined.

MLA Guidelines for Sacred Texts are handled differently from other materials, both

in the Works Cited Page and in parenthetical enclosures. Please just try to follow these examples:

This is what appears on your Works Cited page:

The Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version. New York: New American

Library, 1962.

This is what appears in the parenthetical enclosures in the text of your paper:

(Jer.32.42)

This is what appears on your Works Cited page:

Holy Qur'an. Trans. M. H. Shakir. Elmhurst, New York: Tahrike Tarsile

Qur'an, nd.

Citation form: This is what appears in the parenthetical enclosures in the text of your paper:

(al-Baqarah 2:177.4

MLA Keeps it Simple

• If more than one city is listed for place of publication, just use the first city listed.

• If several dates of publication are listed, just use the latest.

• If any information is not available, - such as author, place of publication, date of publication, pages etc., - just leave it out.
Note: If there is no author, begin your citation with the title.

• Write any dates that need to include day, month, and year in this order: Day Month Year.

• Abbreviate months (except May, June and July)

• If place of publication is not a well known city, add the state abbreviation. For example: Novato, CA.

Works Cited Page

How to Make Your Works Cited Page

• Use a separate piece of paper.

• Title the page Works Cited.

• For each citation, begin your first line at the left margin; if information runs over onto more than one line, indent each following line 5 spaces. (If your pesky computer refuses to allow you to indent, bring the line down, create the indention, and bring the line back up.)

• Arrange all sources in one list, alphabetically by first word, which will generally be either the author's last name or the first important word of the title; ignore any initial - A, An, or The.

• Double space between citations.

• To list two or more items by exactly the same author, give the author's name in the first entry only. For each additional entry by the same author, type three hyphens and a period followed by the title, etc.

CLICK TO SEE EXAMPLE /